The step by step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical change occurs.
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1answer
27 views
Find the volume of the CO2 product
I've been stuck on this for some time, so I decided to ask you. Below you can see the chemical reaction I'm working with:
$\ce{CH_3CH_2OH(l) + 3O_2(g) → 2CO_2 (g) + 3H_2O(g)}$
I've got so far:
How ...
1
vote
1answer
34 views
What does reaction exothermicity say about the stability of molecules
If a reaction is exothermic it means that the energy state of the products is lower than that of the reactants so this will be the state that 'nature' will naturally strive for. Often you see that ...
0
votes
0answers
24 views
Entropy of activation
In Price & Dwek, I find a small section discussing entropy of activation for three examples
$$
1: \ce{Ce^{4+}} + \ce{EDTA}^{4-} \rightarrow (\ce{CeEDTA})\\
2, \text{S}_N\text{1 reaction}: \ce{AB} ...
1
vote
0answers
21 views
Better understanding the pyrolysis reaction
I'm no chemist, but much of my work revolves around biochar. I've always understood it with the following rough approximation:
$$CH_2O + heat \rightarrow BC + H_2 + CO + CH_4 + HC's$$
where the ...
-1
votes
0answers
19 views
reaction diffusion chemical elements [closed]
I am want to make an experiment of reaction-diffusion but I cannot find enough references. If anyone knows anything except the computational part of the experiment please respond. I want to learn more ...
4
votes
1answer
35 views
How is this an autocatalytic reaction?
I'm probably missing a simple component of this reaction, but for some reason I not seeing it.
These are two steps that compose a radical process of the Briggs-Rauscher reaction (that are ...
1
vote
2answers
79 views
What are the factors behind making ice faster?
Recently I saw a video in YouTube about how to make ice in seconds.
In this video, salt is added to a glass of water and then a straw is closed from one end and the other side is lit using a lighter ...
2
votes
3answers
57 views
Balancing a chemical equation
I'm in chemistry and I still have a hard time comprehending how to balance a chemical equation.
What are the main steps and general things to know?
thank you.
4
votes
1answer
25 views
Common Elemental Termolecular Reactions
Are there any common elemental (single-step) reactions with three reactants?
Everything I've found either says that they're very rare, or can be broken down into two bimolecular steps with combined ...
1
vote
1answer
44 views
How can I know the colour change of this reaction?
After you react rotundone ($C_{15}H_{22}O$) with water it loses all of the double bonds (except the carboxylic bond, $C=O$) and gets two of the functional group $-OH$ (alcohol). Two compounds are ...
0
votes
1answer
62 views
How does the reaction Mg + O2 → MgO occur?
$\ce{Mg + O2 → MgO}$
Magnesium, oxygen and magnesium oxide form the above equation.
How?
What do I need to learn to do this? atomic numbers/ valencies?
4
votes
3answers
88 views
What happens to the oxygen when carbohydrates turn into hydrocarbons?
According to the biogenic theory of hydrocarbon formation, hydrocarbons come from pressurized carbohydrates.
I am looking for an explanation of what happens to the oxygen in the process. How could ...
0
votes
1answer
35 views
Lithography: Is isopropanol a developer and/or a stopper?
In the ebeam lithography with PMMA resists isopropanol is often used in a mixture 3:1 (IPA:MIBK) as a developer solution. To my knowledge the developing process is usually stopped by putting the ...
0
votes
1answer
612 views
What is the reaction between Oxalic Acid and Potassium Permanganate?
I've already searched online some information about this equation, but everywhere I read, there's also Sulphuric Acid, which in the laboratory, we did not use. We only used Potassium Permanganate and ...
2
votes
1answer
252 views
Regioselectivity of acid-catalyzed ring-opening of epoxides
Not to be confused with what is the mechanism of acid-catalyzed ring opening of epoxides.
What is the correct order of regioselectivity of acid-catalyzed ring-opening of epoxides: 3o > 2o > 1o or ...
6
votes
4answers
139 views
Which chemical properties make the substance to be explosive?
I know that some chemical substances are used as explosives. The most famous maybe are nitroglycerin in dynamite and cyclonite in C-4. But which chemical properties (well physical don't play the role, ...
2
votes
1answer
57 views
Electrophilic Substitution
I need some help in a electrophilic substitution reaction.
What will be the major product formed in this reaction and why? It would be nice if someone can explain this to me.
I know that
(1) ...
3
votes
2answers
113 views
What is the product when Lithium solid is dropped in water?
I am working on reaction predictions for the AP Chemistry and I need some help with this problem. On a practice quiz I tried to use the rule of "Metal + Water = Metal Oxide" so I answered with ...
1
vote
0answers
44 views
Selectivity Coefficients of Ion Exchange Resins - Selectivity Reversal with TDS / Ionic Strength
I'm currently studying ion exchange resins and generally getting a bit stuck on some points of information which I do not fully understand / are not very well explained within the literature.
I ...
3
votes
1answer
102 views
How can a group be both a good nucleophile and a good leaving group?
I'm reading about $\:\mathrm{S_N1}$ and $\:\mathrm{S_N2}$ reaction mechanisms, and I have a few questions.
My book has a couple of tables, one lists a bunch of substances grouped as good, moderate ...
0
votes
1answer
50 views
Why does carbocation stability increase in the order 1°, 2°, 3°?
I'm reading about $\:\mathrm{S_N1}$ and $\:\mathrm{S_N2}$ reaction mechanisms. 1° carbocations are unstable to the point of not having been observed in solution, ever. 2° are more stable, and 3° ...
1
vote
1answer
58 views
Intrinsic Reaction Coordinate - What does 'Connectivity' really mean?
I am currently in the process of connecting transition state (TS) structures to other minima in order to determine a reaction pathway. Now I understand the basic concepts of this method. You start ...
4
votes
1answer
185 views
Reaction mechanism for oxidation of primary alcohol to carboxylic acid
Can someone help me identify the steps for the following reaction? I'd like to keep track of everything that happens. I can't figure out what happens with oxidation in this context, and thus can't get ...
2
votes
0answers
54 views
Is there a bifurcation node in the potential energy as a function of reaction progress equation of chemical reactions?
I originally posted a similar question on math.stackexchange.com, but I believe I might have a better chance of having my question answered here after giving it some time.
I was thinking about ...
2
votes
1answer
20 views
What is the mechanism of functionalisation of nanoparticle using long chain alcohols
How can long chain alcohols(not thiols) be functionalised on the surface of silver or gold nanoparticles?
I have read in an article that Polyvinyl alcohol is used as a capping agent for silver ...
2
votes
2answers
325 views
What is the reaction between Magnesium chloride and Sodium bicarbonate?
For some reason it has been very difficult to find the right answer for this question as there's so much conflicting information to be found online. Some mention a reaction where carbonic acid is ...
1
vote
2answers
60 views
Palladium hydride forming water and heat at room temperature
I just read that saturated palladium hydride, $\ce{PdH}$0.7, when exposed to oxygen will generate heat and water on it's surface, $\ce{4 H}$(Pd) $\ce{+O2}$(g) $\ce{\to 2 H2O}$(g, l).
What is going ...
4
votes
1answer
51 views
What would be the mechanism of the given reaction?
I'm tutoring few Class 12 students for their chemistry exams. I'm stuck with few problems. I don't know if the key is wrong or I am wrong.
Problem:
My comments:
Option (A): Conc. ...
1
vote
1answer
117 views
Reaction of acetic acid with alkylborane
I want the following conversion to take place$$\ce{Ph-R-CH2-BH2 -> Ph-R-CH3}$$ Does acetic acid react with the given alkyl borane to get this alkane? If yes, what is the correct mechanism? Please ...
5
votes
1answer
96 views
A first-order reaction at infinite concentration
I have a first-order reaction, for the binding of two molecules, of the form: $\text{k}_\text{f} = \ce{k_1 (M*s)^{-1}}$. What happens at infinite concentration? How is this upperbound typically ...
0
votes
1answer
43 views
Chemical software for solving reactions [closed]
I'm looking for a software which can solve chemical equations. For example something like this (given with result):
\begin{align}
\ce{CH4 + 2O2 & → CO2 + 2H2O} \\
\ce{C3H6 + HCl & → ...
5
votes
1answer
86 views
How can I dispose of chlorine and sodium hydroxide as NaCl and H2O?
If I used chloralkali electrolysis of brine to produce hydrogen, and can't use the other products (or not all of them), what route(s) can I take to revert them back to brine? I figured, since I have ...
4
votes
1answer
109 views
Resonance in carbocation derived from allenes
During a reaction if addition on one of the $\pi$ bonds of an allene(containing even number of $\pi$ bonds like $\ce {H2C=C=CH2}$) takes place then a carbocation is formed. To decide the position of ...
14
votes
1answer
170 views
How does Palladium dissociate H₂ so easily?
If I understand correctly, H2 in the presence of Pd readily dissociates as it dissolves into the metal. With the dissociation energy for the H—H bond being so large, how is this possible?
At first I ...
3
votes
1answer
56 views
If I have a chiral substrate, should I always assume that both enantiomers are present?
Considering the Sn1 reaction of (S)-2,3-dimethyl-3-pentanol, knowing that this molecule has a chiral carbon, should I always assume that both enantiomers are present, and therefore the products of a ...
4
votes
1answer
87 views
Predict Products
I just came across this reaction
$\ce{Na2S2O3 + 2HCl -> 2NaCl + SO2 + S + H2O}$
I was wondering if it was possible to predict the products of this reaction if I didn't know it (or any inorganic ...
0
votes
1answer
109 views
How should I identify my leaving group in SN1 reactions if there might be more than one option?
Before I can even begin to contemplate the products of a given SN1 reaction, I need to be able to determine what my leaving group will be, which should be a species with a strong conjugate acid, and ...
2
votes
1answer
207 views
What are my products in this SN1 reaction, how do I know?
I am asked to identify the organic/inorganic products of an SN1 reaction between 3-iodopentane and ethanol. I have identified correctly that the substrate is the 3-iodopentane, the leaving group is ...
0
votes
1answer
99 views
SN1 like reaction acid-cataylzed hydrolysis of epoxide
What would be the reaction mechanism for the reaction between epoxide and $\ce{H2SO4}$?
4
votes
1answer
59 views
What are the key chemical characteristics that determine the octane rating of fuel?
The octane rating of petrol (gasoline) is a measure of the how much compression a fuel air mixture can have before detonating (which in petrol engines is a bad thing as you want the mix to combust ...
2
votes
1answer
151 views
How to fluorinate polyethylene?
I seek to put a layer of fluorine on a rotationally molded cross-linked polyethylene (XPE) plastic gasoline tank. I sell tanks and they will be more eco-friendly if I can accomplish this.
I am an ...
11
votes
1answer
170 views
What is the chemistry behind this “petrol from air” technology?
A recent news report in the UK claimed a breakthrough in making a petrol equivalent from carbon dioxide and water:
A small British company has produced the first "petrol from air" using a ...
3
votes
1answer
137 views
Why does milk flake?
While drinking milk (or better 'while seeing the milk I'm gonna drink') a question came up to my mind:
Why does the milk sometimes flake, even if not in contact with some other substances?
I guess ...
7
votes
1answer
301 views
How are $\sigma$ and $\sigma^\pm$ determined in Hammett plots?
The Hammett plot is commonly invoked in organic chemistry to reason about the plausibility (or implausibility) of various reaction mechanisms. The vertical axis is essentially the logarithm of an ...
5
votes
1answer
2k views
Mechanism for oxidation of arenes via permanganate
All arenes, when treated with hot. conc. acidic $\rm KMnO_4$, are oxidised to benzoic/pthallic/etc acids.
I've tried to examine how this happens, using the mechanism of oxidation of double bonds via ...
5
votes
1answer
233 views
Acid catalysed synthesis of ethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate
One synthesis of quinolones begins with the formation of an ethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate, as seen in this Organic Syntheses paper.
I've been asked if the malonate derivative would be formed if ...
6
votes
2answers
625 views
Michael reaction or nucleophilic attack at the alpha carbon of an alpha-beta-unsaturated ketone?
What conditions promote a nucleophile to undergo the Michael reaction over the nucleophilic attack at the alpha carbon of the carbonyl group in an alpha-beta-unsaturated ketone? I'm looking for an ...
6
votes
1answer
447 views
What is the mechanism of APTES mono-layer formation on glass substrates?
The reagent APTES is a fairly common "ink" for microcontact printing, a technique that forms covalent bonds between the silanols found on the surface of the glass and the silane in the the APTES. It's ...
