Questions tagged [reaction-mechanism]
The detailed (and as complete as possible) description of plausible or observable pathways leading from reactants to products of a chemical process. This tag should be applied to questions about these processes. It may be applied to hypothetical and/or proposed mechanisms.
2,883
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Silver Nitrate Solution + Flame = Mirror?
I purchased an interesting product recently, which says it contains: "Isopropyl alocohol, silver nitrate, Water-based lacquer". You apply it to a smooth surface, then use a blowtorch on it ...
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Does $\ce{O-CH_}3$ substituted on the meta position relative to a group on the benzene ring have a donating or withdrawing effect?
I have been confused about the behaviour of the group $\ce{O-CH_3}$ in the following two conditions:
The acidic strengths of methoxy substituted phenols: Here, according the order of acidic strengths
...
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1
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which of the following reaction is feasible?
i am a hobbyist trying some experiments and i want your expertise and help please to confirm if the following reactions are correct and feaseabile thank you.
PbO + NaClO => PbO2 + NaCl
Pb(NO3)2 + ...
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1
answer
57
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Acid and base catalysed opening of epoxides [closed]
Could someone explain the steps involved in converting structure (A) to structure (B) as shown in the attached image? Additionally, I would appreciate an explanation of the resulting isomers.
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How do you identify which polymers have been formed by radical induced addition polymerization (chain polymerization)?
Problem:
Which of the following polymers have been formed by radical induced
addition polymerization (chain polymerization)?
Question:
How does one go about solving a problem like this?
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The mechanism for the addition of HCl to propylene
Problem:
The mechanism for the addition of HCl to propylene is described below.
Complete the mechanism in step 1 with one curved arrow showing the electron movement that occurs when the double bond ...
0
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1
answer
30
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Potassium Ethoxide Synthesis: Does the Reaction Involve Radical Processes?
Can Potassium Ethoxide be obtained by reacting the alcohol with metallic potassium? Considering that potassium, as a group one metal, has only one valence electron, would this reaction therfore ...
0
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1
answer
42
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Why don't home gas ranges and ovens mix air and fuel to increase efficiency? [closed]
I've been reading a bit about foundries. To increase its efficiency, air, which contains oxygen, is mixed with the fuel to increase its heat output. The same principle applies to internal combustion ...
0
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1
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Which of these monomers can polymerize by chain addition reaction?
Problem:
Which of these monomers can polymerize by chain addition reaction?
Solution:
The monomers with red crosses underneath them can polymerize by chain addition reaction.
Question:
So, how I am ...
1
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1
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Why NaOH(s,l) + CO2(g) → Na2CO3(s)? Why not NaOH(g) + CO2(g) → Na2CO3(g)?
In the flue gas of boilers ($\pu{500 °C}$ and $\pu{1000 °C}$), we observe that gaseous sodium hydroxide $\ce{(NaOH (g))}$ does not react with carbon dioxide $\ce{(CO2 (g))}$. Instead, it condenses on ...
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1
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Why can't the diene in a diels-alder also be a dienophile [closed]
why can't the diene react with itself like this
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Mechanism of oxidation reaction with periodate
What is the mechanism of reaction of periodate with β-hydroxy amine? I tried the to write the mechanism similar to that of reaction with 1,2-diol but I am not able to obtain 2 carbonyl compound and ...
2
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1
answer
166
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Reaction Mechanism for tert-butyl alcohol and an aldehyde
Consider the reaction between tert-butyl alcohol and acetadelhyde in the presence of $\ce{HBr}$ in aqueous solution:
$$\ce {(CH_3)_3COH(aq) + (CH_3)CHO(aq)} \longrightarrow ?$$
Here is my assumed ...
4
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2
answers
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Mechanism for elimination in 3-Chloro-1,4-cyclohexadiene
So, I came across this reaction as an example of E2 elimination.
Our teacher told us that this is what we call E2' reaction, as in, the $\ce{OH^-}$ takes the terminal $\ce{H^+}$, followed by ...
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0
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Hydrogen cyanide production with BMA method
I am designing a BMA reactor to produce hydrogen cyanide. There are 2 reactions taking place:
main reaction:
$$\ce{CH4 + NH3 -> HCN + 3 H2}$$
side reaction:
$$\ce{2 NH3 -> N2 + 3 H2}$$
Is it ...
2
votes
1
answer
80
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HCN reactor design
For my diploma work, I should design a hydrogen cyanide (HCN) producing reactor.
I found that for the BMA process, overall
$$\ce{CH4 + NH3 -> HCN + 3 H2 \quad{} \Delta{}H_r = \pu{251 kJ / mol} }$$
...
3
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2
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447
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Reaction of cyclohexene with HCO3H
Reaction of cyclohexene with a peroxy acid like mCPBA gives an epoxy acid according to Prilezhaev Reaction.
I think it should work with any per acid according to the Mechanism here. But HCO3H gives ...
1
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0
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27
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Confusion in Free Radical Reactions with alkenes
I was reading the free radical reactions, therein I saw two almost same(atleast that's what i think) but forming different products.
First, we have cyclohexene reacting with Br2 in presence of ...
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1
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What shold be the answer to the given reaction? [closed]
Q.75 The final product A, formed in the following reaction sequence is:
$$\ce{ Ph-CH=CH2 ->[(i) BH3 (ii) H2O2,OH- (iii) HBr][(iv) Mg, ether, then HCHO/H3O+] A }$$
Options
$\ce{Ph-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH}$
$...
4
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0
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71
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Does the E1cb elimination mechanism have a first-order or a pseudo-first order rate law?
Elimination reactions turning a single C-C bond into a double bond are classified as E1, E2, or E1cb, depending on the mechanism (concerted or with intermediate), the stereochemical outcome and their ...
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2
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143
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Why O-H bond and not C-O bond breaks in Acid Catalyzed Hydration of Alkene?
Recently, while studying Hydrocarbons I came across this reaction (Acid catalyzed hydration of an alkene)
What I don't get here is that the breaking of O-H bond (in Step 3) and not the C-O bond, even ...
1
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1
answer
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How to get 1-ethyl-3-isopropylbenzene fron benzene [closed]
I have to synthesize the compound shown above in a multi-step synthesis. My biggest issue is that I have no idea how to obtain one of the alkyl group in the meta-position. Getting the first alkyl ...
0
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0
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52
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What is the enthalpy change for elimination reactions of alkyl halide - exothermic or endothermic?
There are a few questions in thermodynamics (with unverified data) that the addition reaction of ethene to give ethyl chloride has a +ve enthalpy change, thereby elimination to give alkene must be ...
3
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0
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77
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Why is my Briggs-Rauscher reaction not oscillating?
I have been trying to run the Briggs-Rauscher reaction following this guide, which is pretty similar to other guides out there, yet the reaction is failing to not only oscillate, but display any color ...
1
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0
answers
53
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How does Tollen’s reagent reacts with hydroxylamine?
How does the Tollens' reagent react with hydroxyl amines? For example, let's consider phenylhydroxylamine $\ce{Ph-NH-OH}$ reaction with Tollens' reagent. First it yields $\ce{Ph-N=O}$ and on further ...
0
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0
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Model EC50/Kd values using ordinary differential equations
It is my first attempt at using ordinary differential equations to model Kd for antibody binding and help will be much appreciated.
To provide some context, I possess binding curve data for the EC50 ...
0
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0
answers
43
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Why is the reaction between the two free radicals below not observed?
All the below reactions are observed:
Why is this one not happening?
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0
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30
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Rules for (hydro)chlorination of double and triple carbon bonds
If $\ce{HCl}$ is added in a compound with both double and triple bond the double bond breaks and gets chlorinated.
If $\ce{Cu2Cl2}$ and $\ce{NH4Cl}$ are also present then which bond will get ...
6
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3
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506
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What part of ascorbic acid is oxidized when it reacts with iodine?
When vitamin C reacts with iodine, it will lose two of its electrons (oxidation) which iodine will accept (reduction). What I do not understand is what part of the vitamin C exactly is losing the ...
1
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1
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Rearrangment during dehydration of 2,2,5-trimethylcyclopentanol
Here I thought doing the following mechanisms
I thought the product option through the first pathway (left) would be the major product because the intermediate cation is more stabilised due to more ...
0
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0
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How does the Eschweiler Clarke reaction occur with sodium cyanoborohydride as a reducing agent?
I am specifically confused with 2 concepts.
How sodium cyanoborohydride acts as a reducing agent. I read that it acts as a source of hydride but I am not sure how this works. If anything, I assumed ...
0
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2
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122
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Reasonable mechanism for conversion of 2-methylbut-3-en-2-ol to 1-Bromo-3-methylbut-2-ene
In the book "Designing Organic Syntheses - A programmed approach to the Synthon Approach" pg 23, the author proposes that one route to 1-bromo-3-methylbut-2-ene would be by reacting 2-...
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1
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what would be the mechanism for these reactions?
I believe the first one would have an intramolecular attack by the sulfur inverting the stereochem followed by an attack by OH- but I can’t get the second one.
2
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2
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187
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Should I remove inhibitor from methyl acrylate?
I need to run multiple aza-Michael additions of methyl acrylate with various amines (dimethylamine, benzylamine, phenylethylamine, aniline, etc.) in order to get the bis-ester. I was wondering if the ...
3
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1
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438
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What's the mechanism in the formation of this quinone?
I need to solve this problem for homework. In an article, I saw a quinone formation, but I don't understand the mechanism. In these reactions, the authors used KI (potassium iodide) and AcOH (acetic ...
4
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1
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What is the reason of producing *spark* in the volcanic reaction (decomposition of ammonium dichromate)?
In a scientific demonstration of volcanic eruption(decomposition of ammonium dichromate), the green chromium(III) oxide produces an orange spark to mimic the eruption of lava from a volcano.
I would ...
0
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0
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Can products of Claisen Condensation undergo the reaction again?
I have a reaction of ethyl acetoacetate with 1-bromopentane in ethanol and sodium ethoxide. I understand that the main product is formed by SN2 mechanism between ethyl acetoacetate and 1-bromopentane, ...
0
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0
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What is the product: Ethyne + (conc)KMnO4? [duplicate]
In cold and alkaline medium it gives ethane-1,2-dial. But what happens in conc KMnO4? Does it give CO2? Also, what will happen to other triple bond containing hydrocarbons?
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what will happen if we add lithium cobalt oxide into water?is it true that molecule will break and lithium will make LiOH and CoO2? [closed]
I have tried to dissolve powder coated on cathode of lithium ion batteries.
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1
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I get dizzy & light headed when go into store which sells helium ballons [closed]
I get dizzy when I go into a party store which sells helium ballons and need to get to fresh air outside ASAP. Am I sensitive to helium or why does this happen. I feel like I am going to fall down and ...
0
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1
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Reaction kinetics exercise for hydrogen iodide synthesis
The rate constant for the reaction of hydrogen with iodine is $\pu{2.45E-4 M-1 s-1}$ at 302 °C and $\pu{0.905 M-1 s-1}$ at 508 °C.
a. calculate the activation energy and Arrhenius preexponential ...
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0
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Reactivity of Alkyl Halides with E2 with same number of substituents in the end
I have a question regarding the reactivity of alkyl halide for E2. I know that the general rule is tertiary alkyl halide reacts the fastest with E2, and primary alkyl halide reacts the slowest.
I was ...
2
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0
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How ring expansion is possible here?
Recently I have came across this question.
I went with the 3rd option as ring expansion cannot occur due to the formed stable 3 degree carbocation. But the answer key claims 4th option. How can ...
0
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2
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Ozone formation
I have read about the formation of natural atmospheric ozone on Wikipedia, where it is claiming that the ozone creation step requires an extra molecule in order to conserve momentum and energy:
$$\ce{...
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1
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What causes ionisation in redox reactions?
I'm trying to understand what's behind the ionisation of atoms in a redox reaction. I apologise if the answer to this question is obvious. I've searched around, but, surprisingly, I haven't found a ...
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1
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Mechanism of ring expansion of epoxide
The below transformation is from
J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 14, 5583–5601
What does the treatment with lithium anion of ethoxyacetylene in the presence of the lewis acid do to epoxides? How does ...
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1
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Why doesn't the reaction between molecule "B" and diethyl oxalate yield a diester?
Problem
Answer
Question
Why isn't this structure the answer for the second reaction?
From my understanding, the resonant structure (B) with the full negative charge on the oxygen is the most stable ...
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1
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Why doesn’t the reaction between 3-mercaptopropionic acid and methyl iodide yield a methyl ester? [closed]
Problem
Answer
Question
I don’t understand why 3‐methylthiopropionic acid (X) is the correct answer. Wouldn’t sulfur and carbon have similar electronegativities?
As the consequence, isn’t it more ...
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0
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Can someone help with GAMESS input files for heavy atom calculations (MoS2, WS2, etc.)?
I'm doing computational research on transition metal dichalcogenides for my chemistry class and I want to calculate a transition state optimization for the reaction $\ce{MoS2 +N^- -> MoSN + S^-}$. ...
1
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0
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Order of radical dimerization ability
In a question I came across recently, it was asked to arrange the following radicals in the ascending order of dimerization ability.
I have read about the triphenylmethyl radical undergoing Gomberg ...