Questions tagged [extraction]

For questions regarding the separation process consisting in the separation of a substance from a matrix. This tag can be used for generic extraction of elements from ore or more specific types of extraction such as: liquid-liquid extraction, and solid phase extraction.

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-1 votes
0 answers
11 views

Cellulose acid hydrolysis [closed]

Recently i tried to hydrolyse some 10g of cellulose with 50ml of 75% H2SO4. Right after adding the acid, the entire solution turned blue black. With no heat applied.
-2 votes
0 answers
21 views

How do I make grape stem extract at home as a student? [closed]

I don't have any access to any professional equipment or labs. I am planning to extract rutin and andy antibacterial and antioxidal properties of the grape stem. I don't have much of a budget either.
6 votes
2 answers
4k views

Replacement for cyclohexane

I am attempting to isolate pure iodine from kelp using the method described here but I do not have any way of possibly obtaining cyclohexane. I was wondering if any easier to obtain solvents would ...
1 vote
0 answers
59 views

Can I make an alcohol-based stain from a pigment with an alkaline extraction process?

I'm in a situation where I don't really even know enough to know if what I want makes sense or has the kinds of problems that I think it might have, but here's the situation: I would like to make a ...
3 votes
1 answer
629 views

How to selectively adsorb caffeine on activated carbon filter?

As part of a project on decaffeination methods, I'm looking to see how activated carbon filters can selectively adsorb caffeine in tea and coffee solutions, and avoid adsorbing other taste-giving ...
0 votes
1 answer
61 views

How feasible is it to separate acetone, butanol, and ethanol (and water) via simple distillation?

I have no experience distilling, though I understand the basics about it. When two liquids with different boiling points are mixed, you can sometimes separate them by boiling away one of the liquids, ...
-2 votes
2 answers
60 views

Liquid-liquid extraction of sorbicillinol in water with ethyl acetate

My solution consisted of sorbicillinol and water, sorbicillinol being a polar substance. I wanted to isolate sorbicillinol from water using liquid-liquid extraction. For my solvent I used ethyl ...
2 votes
2 answers
2k views

Neutralising sulfuric acid but not boric acid

I have another question here which refers to me asking how to separate boric acid from other compounds, and this is partially a follow-up. Suppose I was to go down the route of making boric acid by ...
6 votes
0 answers
140 views

Which xylenes, if any, are immiscible with DMSO?

"Xylene" is reported to be immiscible with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), according to a few solvent miscibility tables found online (chart 1, chart 2, chart 3). I have tried to locate some ...
7 votes
4 answers
3k views

How to extract pure potassium carbonate from ash?

In our village, lots of ash is produced which is thrown off. I want to extract pure potassium carbonate from that ash. I am able to extract the potassium compound and a soluble compound by ...
0 votes
0 answers
40 views

Zinc organic-water solvent extraction (Hydrometallurgy)

Consider a biphasical system consisting of an aqueous phase and an organic phase. Consider the following equation: $\ce{Zn^2+(aq) + 2HR(org) <=> ZnR2(org) + 2H+(aq)}$ Let [ $Zn^{+2}$ ]$^{0}$$(...
7 votes
2 answers
5k views

Why is ZnO reduced in this reaction?

Consider the following Ellingham diagram. At 673K, the Gibbs energy value of oxidation of Zn is more negative than the Gibbs energy value of oxidation of C (coke). So, Zn should be oxidised to ZnO. ...
2 votes
0 answers
104 views

Reduction of gingerol content in ginger using kitchen equipment

The single topic that this question focuses on is - how to remove gingerol and only gingerol from a piece of ginger in a manner that it remains safe to eat using equipment found in a well stocked ...
0 votes
1 answer
350 views

Decarboxylation of THCA in cannabis after plant material is mixed with ethanol [closed]

When making a tincture of cannabis, an early step is decarboxylation by roasting cannabis flowers at low temperatures (such as 230F for 30 minutes). My question is, how can one decarboxylate cannabis ...
2 votes
2 answers
735 views

Can caffeine be separated from coffee?

Is there a way to extract caffeine from coffee completely?
1 vote
0 answers
59 views

Chemistry of a proposed Capsaicin extract [closed]

Background: I’d like to make an extract of capsaicin using the following ingredients: Capsicum powder, Fractionated coconut MCT oil, apple cider vinegar, and saline. The idea is for the capsaicin to ...
2 votes
1 answer
470 views

How to perform solvent extraction of a solid

Suppose I have a solid compound from which I want to extract a target chemical I know is soluble in acetone. So I crush and mix the compound in acetone, dissolving the target and suspending the ...
5 votes
3 answers
8k views

Is it possible to extract magnesium from epsom salt?

Is it possible (at home) to extract magnesium from $\ce{MgSO4·7H2O}$, also known as Epsom salt (or, alternatively, from $\ce{MgSO4}$)?
3 votes
0 answers
422 views

Why does emulsions hinder the full extraction of a substance?

I've learend that in processing liquid-liquid extractions, emulsions can appear between two immiscible solvents. For exmaple, to extract caffeine from green tea leaves; The caffeine in water can be ...
2 votes
1 answer
557 views

Make Acetic Acid from wood

I would like to know if it would be possible to make Acetic Acid from Wood. I know that you can charcoal wood to get the gases, cool it, and get the liquid. This would yield a bunch of chemicals in a ...
1 vote
0 answers
62 views

How to theoretically determine if a hydrate of a salt precipitates out of solution

In a solid-liquid extraction simulation process, there are multiple salts that precipitate in the solution. But how do I determine if these salts are hydrates or not? To give an example: $$\ce{Ca3(PO4)...
-2 votes
2 answers
250 views

What is the reason for extracting copper from copper pyrites and not iron?

Why can copper be extracted from copper pyrites ($\ce{CuFeS2}$) but not iron? Is there some intuitive logic behind it?
2 votes
0 answers
64 views

What chemical mechanisms or parameters altered during the usage of buffered extractant for leachability of a soil or sediment?

Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) is an extraction method to simulate a soil or sediment leaching. The method employed two extraction fluids - one is a buffered solution of acetic acid ...
-2 votes
1 answer
106 views

Performing the mean and standard deviation for a extraction based on averaged content determination

Is it okay to perform the mean and standard deviation for a triplicate extraction based on averaged values of content determination? I performed an extraction in triplicate. Each one of the ...
4 votes
1 answer
8k views

Using Distribution Coefficient to Determine Mass and Percent of Acid Extracted

The $K_\mathrm{D}$ (distribution coefficient) of coffee water at $25\,°\mathrm{C}$ is $7.8$ in a methylene chloride/water system. If there is $2.0\,\mathrm{g}$ of caffeine in $200\,\mathrm{mL}$ of ...
3 votes
2 answers
120 views

Can I expect the same (or very close) peak areas from herbal extracts prepared with the same plant/solvent ratio?

I prepared an extract by using 100 mg of plant and 2 mL of ethanol, filtered and injected 20 μl into the HPLC system equipped with Waters® XSelect (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column. If I prepare an ...
5 votes
2 answers
5k views

Role of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide in isolation of citric acid from lemon juice

I'm trying to extract citric acid from squeezed lemons. After studying the subject, I found a lab manual [1, p. 68]: ISOLATION OF CITRIC ACID Reagents: Lemon juice (ca. $\pu{100 mL}$ – 3 lemons) $\...
1 vote
0 answers
96 views

How does pH affect an extraction problem

I am not sure how to understand when pH will affect a given problem regarding extraction. For example, in a problem given that K$_D$ of the reaction is $1.86$ I am asked to calculate: (a) How much ...
0 votes
2 answers
28k views

Extracting urea from urine

What is a process for the extraction of urea from urine? These are the steps I have come up with: Add 2-propanol to get rid of any bacteria present. (The 2-propanol likely contained some sodium ...
0 votes
0 answers
73 views

Selective Removal of Sodium Acetate

I am currently working on an extraction and synthesis of sodium salicyate from acetylsalicylic acid and sodium hydroxide. After doing a liquid-liquid extraction from DCM, using a sodium hydroxide ...
1 vote
1 answer
149 views

How to remove graphite substrate of boron carbide coating?

I have a boron carbide coating (the thickness is either 90 microns or 220 microns) on a graphite substrate (the thickness is 0.5 inch - about 13 mm, the other dimensions are 2x2 inch$^2$ - about 5x5 ...
2 votes
1 answer
2k views

How to calculate the concentration of a monoprotic organic acid that was extracted into an ethyl ether layer?

Compound A is a monoprotic organic acid. If $\pu{25.0 mL}$ of a $\pu{0.456 M}$ solution of A in water was extracted with $\pu{25.0 mL}$ of ethyl ether and it was determined experimentally that $\pu{5....
3 votes
1 answer
295 views

Cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) and cannabidiolic acid (CBDA): Solubility in ethanol

How much CBGA and CBDA can be dissolved in a given amount of ethanol at room temperature? I did a bit of research but could not find any source on solubility of these substances in ethanol. For ...
2 votes
1 answer
147 views

What are the hydrodynamics behind a Soxhlet extractor?

So I'm trying to wrap my head around the physics of how a Soxhlet extractor works, not the chemical, solvent and chemical components part, but rather the physical, hydrodynamic, siphoning part : why ...
0 votes
2 answers
100 views

Why is oil solubility improved in solvents at higher temperatures?

This is in the case of extracting plant oil using a solvent extraction method for the purposes of biodiesel production. In a paper, it is stated that increased oil yield may be due to the 'increase in ...
1 vote
0 answers
55 views

BTX nitration work-up

I'm trying to understand washing step in a btx nitration process. In all these processes the work-up streams are very similar. The reaction mixture passes from the nitrator to a separator or ...
2 votes
2 answers
2k views

Separating plant extract from ethanol solution

I have to do an experiment which involves getting the extract of certain leaves. I had decided to macerate it in ethanol (70%) solution and then to evaporate the solvent using water bath/rotary ...
1 vote
1 answer
103 views

Natural Sources for S-(-)-Limonene?

I'm interested in developing an undergrad organic lab that delves deeper into distillation/extraction, optical rotation and enantiomers. Our lab currently does a steam distillation extracting R-(+)-...
3 votes
2 answers
2k views

What is the principle of “scrubbing” in liquid extraction or solvent extraction?

There are many steps in solvent extraction: Extraction Scrubbing Back extraction I understand the 1st and the 3rd. What is the principle of scrubbing? Is it just washing the organic phase? How ...
1 vote
2 answers
1k views

Extraction of copper from chalcopyrite

During the extraction of copper from chalcopyrite ore, the ore ($\ce{Cu2S.Fe2S3}$) is heated to form $\ce{Cu2S}$ and $\ce{FeS}$. Then during smelting it reacts with $\ce{O2}$ to form $\ce{Cu2O}$. Then ...
0 votes
0 answers
212 views

Can I dissolve IBA from talc powder?

My container of in total 25 grams of rooting powder contains 2.5 mg IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid), which is mixed with talc powder and a tiny bit of chromium(III)oxide. I know talc is not soluble in ...
3 votes
2 answers
1k views

How do you achieve phase separation of a methanol / chloroform solution?

If I'm washing a methanol solution with chloroform, can I just add water in a 1:1 mixture with the methanol and expect it to break? Do I need to do anything else to cause the aqueous phase to separate ...
3 votes
0 answers
43 views

In solvent extraction from plant cells, what is the static organic solvent film formed?

I am researching the mechanisms behind solvent extraction of oil from microalgal cells, and it is stated in one paper that in the process of transferring the lipid out of the cell, the solvent-lipid ...
8 votes
2 answers
1k views

Looking for caffeine partition coefficients

As part of a project, I'm looking to carry out a liquid-liquid extraction of caffeine from an aqueous phase to an organic phase, using dichloromethane or ethyl acetate. So I'm looking for the ...
2 votes
1 answer
6k views

How to remove sugar from juice

My son has autism and we noticed that blueberries make him feel much better. The problem is blueberries contain sugars which interfere with diet he has (low carbohydrate). How do I filter out the ...
4 votes
2 answers
858 views

How can I free base cystamine dihydrochloride?

I am using cystamine (free based) to conjugate to a phosphate group on an oligonucleotide. I tried several keyword searches on Google for neutralizing the dihydrochloride at the ends of the cystamine. ...
2 votes
1 answer
2k views

How to extract thymol from oregano leaves?

This is my second graders in highschool project of science report. I try to a make natural hand sanitizer using thymol from oregano leaves as the antiseptic ingredient instead of alcohol. I want ...
6 votes
3 answers
910 views

Condenser shooting out hexane in a soxhlet extraction

Im running a soxhlet extraction using hexane as the solvent. Once the hexane has filled up the soxhlet, a considerable amount of hexane will come out on top of the condenser. Is this an issue with ...
1 vote
3 answers
68 views

When an aqueous extract of a substance is said to be administered at a certain quantity, is the quoted mass analogous to one as original substance?

I'm trying to read studies about the possible toxicity of the leaves of some plant often said to possess positive medicinal properties. In the studies, performed on rats, it is usually said that an ...
1 vote
0 answers
27 views

Are there any tests which distinguish between triglycerides and polar lipids/impurities that can be conducted in a high school setting?

I am currently writing a research essay about using a mixed polar (methanol) and non-polar (heptane) solvent system to extract oil from mango seed kernels. One of the difficulties of using polar ...