# All Questions

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### Why do Ionic Compounds have Larger Melting Points/Boiling Points when they have smaller radii?

The title says it all, I thought it should be that the closer the two ions are, the larger the repulsive force, therefore, it should rather require less energy to take them apart (although being too ...
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### Trying to understand SMILES patterns?

In the example calculation from the conformer search package fafoom is a mysterious pattern that I'd like to understand. The SMILES code of the given example structure is: ...
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### What is the degradation mechanism of pyrrole?

A vial of pyrrole monomer (that was occasionally exposed to air) changed its color while degrading from pale yellow to dark orange. What is the mechanism of pyrrole degradation? What are the ...
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### Relationship between vapour pressure and saturated vapour pressure

I need clarity on saturated vapour pressure in a closed system at equilibrium. How does saturated vapour pressure relate to vapour pressure?
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### Why is it possible to use lipids to recover diamonds in mining?

Diamond mining This link says that diamonds will stick to "anything oleaginous" and that other materials slide down the fat that is applied to an inclined plane used in the mining apparatus. I infer ...
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### Reaction between a vinegar/salt/hydrogen peroxide mixture as an etching solution and copper

I am looking for the less harmful chemical solution to serve as an etching solution. After many searches, my interest went to a vinegar/salt/hydrogen peroxide solution. I have to ask then if the ...
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### Electrical properties of 2D materials

This is regarding to the newly-discovered 2-D materials that can support electron flow, such as phosphorene and transition metal dichalcogenides. How do they conduct electricity? I also read that ...
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### Do ion-exchange resins soften water through a kinetic equilibrium process?

I searched a lot for this and couldn't find any answers. Is water softening a purely ratio-based equilibrium process, ie, more $\ce{Na+}$ cations on resin than there are $\ce{Ca^2+}$ cations in the ...
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### Guess the shape and phase of the MOs of butadiene using LCAO and Hückel's method?

I used Hückel's method along with a Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO) to calculate an estimate for the orbital energies of cyclobutadiene ($\ce{C4H4}$) and butadiene ($\ce{C4H6}$). For ...
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### Is it possible for monobasic and dibasic potassium phosphate to complete break down into phosphates?

Here is the picture of monobasic potassium phosphate: And here is the picture of dibasic potassium phosphate: Is it possible for the phosphorous-containing anions to further break down into ...
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### Quenching rates in nucleation MD simulations

I am trying to perform nucleation simulations with molecular dynamics. To prepare the metastable fluid, I am equilibrating at temperatures about 30 K above the melting temperature, and then ...
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### Numbering heteroatoms and groups in benzene derivatives

Can someone please explain why the carbon in 8-hydroxyquinoline is numbered 8, while in 1,10-phenanthroline the nitrogens are numbered 1 and 10? I'm counting carbon atoms and just cannot see why the ...
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### Confused about writing out electron configurations

I watched the Crash Course chemistry video about the electron. In the video Hank showed an example configuration of iron as $\mathrm{(1s)^2 (2s)^2 (2p)^6 (3s)^2 (3p)^6 (4s)^2 (3d)^6}$ and explained ...
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### Chemical Reactions [on hold]

**Hello! I would like to ask about informations about chemical reactions. You could use this as a guide. Thank you. Synthesis Reactants: two or more elements or______?(compounds are joined together) ...
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### boiling water function

I want to make a program that realistically simulates boiling water with all the variables. One of my problems is that I know near nothing about the math behind it. So far I got the energy transfer ...
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### Ideal Gas Equation Contradiction [duplicate]

You have a regular balloon, and you decide to heat it up. The gas particles inside the balloon will gain kinetic energy, and so, the gaseous particles will collide with the internal wall of the ...
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### Le Chatelier's Principle and Rate constants

I am confused about the application of Le Chatelier's principle to reaction systems. Consider the reaction: $$\rm H_2O_2 (g) \rightleftharpoons 2\, OH^{.} (g)\,\,\,\,\,(i)$$ to be at at equilibrium. ...
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### Why does concentrated HCl fume?

It is a common observation that a concentrated solution of hydrochloric acid kept in the lab fumes. What is the chemistry behind this phenomenon? Does $\ce{HCl}$ somehow react with the moisture in the ...
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### What happens when two nitrates react with each other?

I am trying to determine the products of the ammonium nitrate and copper nitrate. Any ideas on if the below reaction is correct? $$\ce{NH4NO3 + Cu(NO3)2 -> Cu(NH3)4(NO3)2}$$ Ammonium Nitrate + ...
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### Few basic questions about ionic bonding and batteries (lead)

I've got a few very very basic questions about ionic bonds and their role in batteries. My assumptions (correct me if I'm wrong): Ionic bonds occur between a metal and a non-metal (the non-metal ...
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### Energy Transfer in Breaking Chemical Bonds

When discussing the electrolysis of water: what are observations during the electrolysis that illustrate that energy transfer is involved in the formation or breaking of chemical bonds.
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### C-O vs. C=O ionic percentage [on hold]

Why is a carbon monoxide single bond less ionic (10% ionic character) than a carbon monoxide double bond (41% ionic character)?
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### Molecular differences in the HB graphite hardness scale

Today, I bought some graphite for my pencil. It is rated HB on the HB graphite scale, a measurement of the hardness of graphite. My question is how can there be different hardnesses of the same ...
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### Make a sketch of SCl6 and IF4+ [on hold]

Draw the molecule by placing atoms on the grid and connecting them with bonds using the straight line, hatched wedge and solid wedge 3D format. Please show the formal charges of $\ce{IF4+}$
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### How does the acidity of soft drinks not affect certain drugs, such as opiates? What about drugs and stomach acid?

Here's a very random introduction. I heard the term, "dirty Sprite" (it's some rap album/slang term) on a YouTube advertisement. I Googled "dirty Sprite", and it's apparently a recreational drug: ...
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### Calculation of Calorimeter Constants [on hold]

$\mathrm{100~g}$ of water at $\mathrm{45~^\circ C}$ is added to $\mathrm{100~g}$ of water in a calorimeter at $\mathrm{20~^\circ C}$. The temperature of the mixture is $\mathrm{30~^\circ C}$. ...
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### How do I determine the composition of an unknown substance? [on hold]

If I have a product - for example, synthetic chicken feed - for which I want to determine the composition, what type of lab would I go to? What is this process called? How much does it usually cost?